ubuchwepheshe obukhulu | okusha embonini | Jan 15, 2025
Ezisetshenziswayo zezimboni nezentengiselwano, ama-slip-ring motors asetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu kanye namandla aphezulu okukhipha. Kodwa-ke, ukubala i-rotor voltage yemoto ye-slip-ring akuyona into elula, okudinga ukuthi sibe nokuqonda okujulile kwezimiso kanye nemingcele ehlobene nayo. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungabala kanjani ngokunembile i-rotor voltage yemoto ye-slip-ring ukuze sikusize uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwemoto.
1. Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokubala i-voltage ye-rotor
(I) Nquma i-voltage ekalwe yemoto
I-voltage elinganisiwe yemoto iyi-voltage ejwayelekile yokuklama nokusebenza kwayo, engatholakala kalula ezicacisweni zobuchwepheshe zemoto. Leli nani liyisisekelo sezibalo ezilandelayo, njengesisekelo sesakhiwo esiphakeme, esinikeza idatha eyisisekelo ebalulekile yenqubo yonke yokubala. Isibonelo, imoto eshelelayo kudivayisi yezimboni ine-voltage elinganisiwe engu-380 V ephawulwe ngokucacile encwadini yayo yezobuchwepheshe, okuyindawo yokuqala yokubala kwethu.
(II) Linganisa ukumelana kwe-rotor Lapho injini iyeka ukusebenza, sebenzisa i-ohmmeter ukukala ukumelana kokugoqa kwe-rotor. Ukumelana kwe-rotor kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta i-voltage ye-rotor, futhi ukunemba kwenani layo kuhlobene ngqo nokuthembeka komphumela wokugcina wokubala. Uma sicabanga ukuthi ukumelana kwe-rotor esikulinganisile kungu-0.4Ω, le datha izodlala indima ebalulekile ekubalweni okulandelayo.
(III) Bala i-voltage ye-rotor I-voltage ye-rotor ingatholakala ngokuphindaphinda i-voltage elinganisiwe yemoto ngokumelana ne-rotor. Uma uthatha i-voltage elinganisiwe engu-380 V kanye nokumelana ne-rotor okungu-0.4Ω okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla njengesibonelo, i-voltage ye-rotor = 380 V × 0.4 = 152 V.
2. Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwefomula ye-rotor voltage
(I) Ukwakheka kanye nokubaluleka kwefomula
Ifomula ye-rotor voltage iyinkulumo yezibalo ecabangela izici eziningi. Itholakala ngokusekelwe ezimisweni eziyisisekelo ze-electromagnetism. Phakathi kwazo, i-stator voltage, i-slip kanye nezici ze-motor windings yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezithonyayo. Ukuqonda okunembile kwale fomula kuvumela onjiniyela ukubikezela ngokunembile ukuziphatha kokusebenza kwemoto ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene zomthwalo, njengokuba nesihluthulelo sokuvula imfihlakalo yokusebenza kwemoto.
(II) Ukutholwa kwefomula kanye nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo Kususelwa ezimisweni zama-electromagnetics
Inqubo yokuthola ifomula ye-rotor voltage inzima futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Ibonisa ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kwensimu yamagnetic kanye nogesi ngaphakathi kwemoto, futhi inokubaluleka okungenakuphindwa emkhakheni wokulawula nokuklama imoto. Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, ngosizo lwe-calculator yefomula yokubala i-rotor voltage yobungcweti, onjiniyela badinga kuphela ukufaka amapharamitha adingekayo njengemvamisa yokunikezwa kwamandla, inani lezinsika zemoto kanye nokushelela ukuze bathole ngokushesha inani le-voltage elifanele elidingekayo ezimweni ezahlukene zokusebenza. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto isebenza ngokuzinzile ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokusebenza obufanele.
3. Ukubalwa kwamanje kwe-Rotor kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwemoto
(I) Incazelo eningiliziwe yefomula yamanje ye-rotor
Ifomula ithi, It=Vt/Zt, lapho i-Vt iyi-voltage ye-rotor kanye ne-Zt iyi-rotor impedance. Ukubalwa kwe-voltage ye-rotor kuhilela izici ezifana ne-stator voltage kanye ne-slip, okudinga ochwepheshe bakagesi ukuthi bazi kahle futhi basebenzise lawa mafomula ngobuchule ukuze bahlole ngokunembile ukusebenza kwe-motor.
(II) Ukubaluleka kokubala ugesi we-rotor
Ukubala ugesi we-rotor kubalulekile konjiniyela ngezindlela eziningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusiza ukuhlola umthamo womthwalo kagesi wemoto, okuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi babikezele ngokunembile izinguquko zokuziphatha kwemoto ngaphansi kwama-voltage ahlukene okusebenza. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqalisa imoto, ngokuqapha izinguquko kugesi we-rotor, onjiniyela banganquma ukuthi imoto iqala ngokujwayelekile yini nokuthi ngabe kunezinkinga ezifana nokulayisha ngokweqile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuqapha nokuhlaziya ugesi we-rotor, kungenzeka ukufeza ukulawulwa okuhle kwemoto, ukuvimbela ngempumelelo izinkinga ezingaba khona njengokushisa ngokweqile kwemoto, ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukwehluleka kwemishini, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise impilo yenkonzo yemoto futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
4. Indima ebalulekile yokushelela ekubalweni kwamandla kagesi e-rotor
(I) Incazelo kanye nokubalwa kwesiliphu
I-Slip ichazwa njengomehluko wesivinini phakathi kwensimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo kanye ne-rotor, evezwa njengephesenti lesivinini esihambisanayo.Ifomula yi-S=(N8-Nt)/Ns, lapho u-s eyi-slip, u-N8 uyijubane elihambisanayo, kanti u-Nt uyijubane le-rotor.
Isibonelo, esimweni esithile sokusebenza kwenjini, uma ijubane elihambisanayo lingu-1500 rpm futhi ijubane le-rotor lingu-1440 rpm, ukushelelaS=(1500-1440)/1500=0.04, ngakho-ke u-4%.
(II) Ubudlelwano phakathi kokushelela nokusebenza kahle kwe-rotor
Kukhona ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kokushelela nokusebenza kahle kwe-rotor. Ngokuvamile, i-rotor idinga inani elithile lokushelela ukuze ikhiqize i-torque futhi ifinyelele ukusebenza okuvamile kwemoto. Kodwa-ke, ukushelela okuphezulu kakhulu kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokumelana kanye nokwehla kokukhishwa kwemishini, okuzothinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemoto. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukushelela okuphansi kakhulu kungenza imoto isebenze eduze nesimo esivumelanayo, kodwa kuzokwenza buthaka ikhono lokulawula lemoto kanye nomthamo wokukhipha i-torque. Ngakho-ke, enkambisweni yokuklama nokusebenza kwemoto, ukubalwa okunembile kokushelela kanye nokulungiswa okunengqondo kwamapharamitha ahlobene kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele ifomula ye-rotor voltage futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuzinzile kwemoto ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukene.
V. Indlela ethonya ngayo ukumelana ne-rotor ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini
(I) Uhlobo kanye nethonya lokumelana ne-rotor
Ukumelana ne-rotor kubhekisela ekumelaneni kwesekethe ye-rotor nokugeleza kwamandla kagesi. Inani layo linomthelela omkhulu ku-torque yokuqala, ukulawulwa kwesivinini kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemoto. Ukumelana ne-rotor ephezulu kusiza ukuthuthukisa i-torque yokuqala yemoto futhi kwenze imoto ikwazi ukuqala kahle ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kwemoto, ukumelana ne-rotor ngokweqile kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okwandisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemoto.
(II) Ifomula yokumelana ne-Rotor kanye nesicelo sokuxilongwa kwamaphutha
Ifomula yokumelana ne-rotor (evame ukuvezwa njenge-Rt) icabangela izici ezifana nezakhiwo zomzimba zezinto ze-rotor, i-geometry ye-rotor kanye nokushisa. Ukubalwa okunembile kokumelana ne-rotor kubalulekile ekusebenziseni ifomula ye-voltage ye-rotor. Emkhakheni wokuxilonga imoto kanye nokugcinwa kokuvimbela, ngokuqapha izinguquko ekumelaneni ne-rotor, izinkinga ezingaba khona njengokuguguleka okungalingani, i-short circuit noma ukushisa ngokweqile zingatholakala ngesikhathi esifanele. Isibonelo, uma ukumelana ne-rotor kutholakala kukhula ngokuzumayo, kungasho ukuthi kukhona i-short circuit yendawo noma ukuthintana okubi ekugoqeni kwe-rotor. Abasebenzi bokulungisa bangathatha izinyathelo zokulungisa eziqondiwe ukuze bavimbele ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kokwehluleka kwemoto, bandise impilo yenkonzo yemoto, futhi baqinisekise ukuqhubeka nokuzinza kokukhiqiza.
VI. Izibonelo zokubala namakhono okusebenzisa ezimweni zangempela
(I) Isibonelo sangempela sokubala
Ake sithi kukhona i-slip-ring motor ene-stator voltage engu-440 V, ukumelana kwe-rotor okungu-0.35Ω, kanye ne-slip engu-0.03. Okokuqala, ngokwefomula ye-rotor voltage Vt=s*Vs, i-rotor voltage Vt=0.03*440=13.2 V ingatholakala. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusetshenziswa ifomula yamanje ye-rotor It=Vt/Zt (uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-rotor impedance Zt ingu-0.5Ω), i-rotor current It=13.2/0.5=26.4 A ingabalwa.
(II) Amakhono okusebenzisa kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yokubala, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe: Okokuqala, sebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa anembile kakhulu ukuthola amapharamitha enjini. Isibonelo, lapho ulinganisa ukumelana kwe-rotor nge-ohmmeter, kufanele kukhethwe ithuluzi elinesinqumo esiphezulu nephutha elincane; okwesibili, lapho ufaka amapharamitha okubala, qiniseka ukuthi amayunithi amapharamitha ahlanganisiwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuphambuka emiphumeleni yokubala ngenxa yamaphutha okuguqulwa kwamayunithi; okwesithathu, hlaziya ngokuhlanganiswa nendawo yokusebenza yangempela kanye nezimo zokusebenza zenjini, isibonelo, uma ucabangela ithonya lokushisa ekumelana ne-rotor, endaweni yokushisa ephezulu, ukumelana kwe-rotor kunganda, futhi imiphumela yokubala idinga ukulungiswa ngokufanele.
Ngesingeniso esibanzi nesijulile esingenhla, ngikholwa ukuthi uyaqonda kangcono indlela yokubala ye-slip-ring motor rotor voltage kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwe-motor. Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, ukulandela ngokuqinile izinyathelo zokubala nokucabangela ngokugcwele ithonya lezici ezahlukahlukene kuzokusiza ukuthi unikeze izinzuzo zokusebenza eziphelele zama-slip ring motors, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwezimboni futhi unciphise izindleko zokulungisa imishini.
Yini okufanele inakwe lapho kubalwa i-voltage ye-rotor yama-slip-ring motors?
- a. Ukunemba kwedatha
- b. Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ifomula
- c. Izici zezemvelo nezimo zokusebenza
- d. Inqubo yokubala namathuluzi
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-15-2025