ubuchwepheshe obukhulu | Imboni entsha | Ephreli 21, 2025
Njengoba ukuxhumana kwe-5G kuthandwa ngokushesha futhi ubuchwepheshe be-radar buhlala bushintsha, amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-RF, njengezingxenye eziyinhloko zokufeza ukudluliswa kwesignali okuzinzile, adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-antenna yesathelayithi esikhaleni esikhulu noma umugqa wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi phansi, ingaqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesignali okungenamthungo phakathi kwezingxenye eziqinile nezijikelezayo. Okulandelayo, sizohlola imininingwane yobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwamajoyinti ajikelezayo e-RF.
Ⅰ. Ukuhlola umongo osebenzayo wamajoyinti ajikelezayo e-RF
Isimiso sokusebenza kwamajoyinti ajikelezayo e-RF ukuhlanganiswa okucashile kwe-electromagnetism kanye nobunjiniyela bemishini. Kwakha ibhuloho lesignali phakathi kokuphela okujikelezayo kanye nokuphela okuhleliwe ngemidiya yokudlulisa njengezintambo ze-coaxial, ama-waveguides noma imicu ye-optical. Ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwesignali, insimu kagesi yangaphakathi kanye nensimu yamagnetic kuyasebenzisana futhi kuyashintsha, futhi isakhiwo semishini sithatha umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko - ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuzinzile ngesikhathi sokujikeleza ukuze kugwenywe ukulahleka kwesignali noma ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuthintana okungekuhle, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukudluliselwa kwesignali ye-RF okusebenzayo nokuzinzile.
Ⅱ. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlobo nezici zamajoyinti ajikelezayo e-RF
(I) Amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-coaxial anomzila owodwa: izithunywa zesignali eziyisisekelo nezithembekile
Amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-coaxial anomzila owodwa abe "amandla amakhulu" okudlulisa amasignali e-RF eyodwa ngomklamo wawo olula wesakhiwo. Uma sithatha insimu yokuqapha ukuphepha njengesibonelo, kumakhamera anencazelo ephezulu ezindaweni zokuhlangana kwezimoto zasemadolobheni, amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-coaxial anomzila owodwa angasiza amakhamera ukuthi afinyelele ukujikeleza okungu-360-degree ngaphandle kwama-engeli afile, ngenkathi eqinisekisa ukuthi amasignali evidiyo adluliselwa esikhungweni sokuqapha nge-latency ephansi kanye nencazelo ephezulu. Amapharamitha ayo ajwayelekile kagesi yilawa: ububanzi bemvamisa bungafinyelela ku-DC - 18GHz, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa kulawulwa ku-0.3 - 0.5dB, isilinganiso samagagasi okuma kwe-voltage (VSWR) ≤1.2; ngokwezakhiwo zemishini, isivinini esiphezulu singafinyelela ku-3000rpm, futhi impilo yokujikeleza idlula ukujikeleza kwezigidi eziyi-10, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzi oqhubekayo wesikhathi eside.
(II) Amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-coaxial aneziteshi eziningi: abaxhumanisi bezimpawu zezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi
Amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-coaxial amaningi eziteshini eziningi aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nokudluliswa ngasikhathi sinye kwezimpawu eziningi ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuhlelo lwe-radar olunezigaba emkhakheni wezempi, lungacubungula ngasikhathi sinye izinhlobo eziningi zezibonakaliso ze-RF njengezibonakaliso zokudlulisa, izimpawu zokwamukela, kanye nezibonakaliso zokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-radar ithola amatshe kuzo zonke izinkomba nangokunemba okuphezulu. Amapharamitha kagesi alolu hlobo lokuhlangana ngokuvamile: ububanzi bemvamisa DC - 12GHz, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa kwesiteshi esisodwa okungaba ngu-0.6dB, i-VSWR≤1.3; ngokwemingcele yemishini, ingamelana ne-torque engu-0.5 - 2N・m, kanye nesivinini esiphezulu esingu-2000rpm, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwesignali okuyinkimbinkimbi.
(III) Ijoyinti elijikelezayo le-Waveguide: uchwepheshe wokudlulisa isignali ezimweni zamandla aphezulu
Ijoyinti elijikelezayo le-waveguide lithembele kubuchwepheshe be-waveguide futhi linenzuzo ezimweni zokudlulisa isignali enamandla aphezulu, elahlekelwa kancane. Eziteshini zomhlaba zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, linesibopho sokudlulisa ngempumelelo izimpawu ze-RF ezinamandla aphezulu kumasathelayithi, linikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kokuxhumana komhlaba wonke. Amapharamitha alo kagesi avelele, ububanzi bemvamisa bugxile kakhulu ku-8-18GHz, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa kungu-0.3dB kuphela, futhi amandla kagesi angafinyelela ezingeni le-kilowatt; maqondana nokusebenza komshini, ukunemba kokujikeleza kuphezulu kakhulu, impilo yokujikeleza ingafinyelela ukujikeleza kwezigidi ezingu-8, futhi inokumelana okuhle kokudlidliza kanye nomthelela, futhi ingazivumelanisa nezimo zangaphandle ezinzima.
(IV) I-fibre optic rotary joint: Iphayona ekudlulisweni kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu
Amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-fibre optic asebenzisa amasignali optical njengabathwali bokudlulisa. Ngesilinganiso sawo sokudlulisa esisheshayo kanye nekhono eliqinile lokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka, aseyisinqumo esikhethwayo emkhakheni wokudlulisa idatha ngesivinini esikhulu. Kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana ye-optical yezikhungo ezinkulu zedatha, amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-fibre optic angaqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwedatha okuzinzile ngesivinini esingu-10Gbps noma ngaphezulu phakathi kwezingxenye zokuxhuma ezijikelezayo. Phakathi kwamapharamitha ayo kagesi, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa cishe yi-1dB; ngokwemigomo yemishini, isivinini esiphezulu singama-1500rpm, impilo yokujikeleza ingukujikeleza kwezigidi eziyi-6, futhi ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene zokushisa nomswakama, iqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwedatha okuzinzile.
Ⅲ. Ukuvula amapharamitha okuklama ayisihluthulelo amalunga e-RF ajikelezayo
(I) Amapharamitha kagesi: izinkomba eziyinhloko zekhwalithi yokudlulisa isignali
a. Ububanzi bemvamisa: Le pharamitha inquma ububanzi bemvamisa lapho i-RF rotary joint ingasebenza khona ngempumelelo. Kusukela kumasignali wamanje aqondile aphansi (DC) kuya kumabhendi emvamisa ephezulu amashumi e-GHz, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamajoyinti ajikelezayo zinokugxila okuhlukile. Isibonelo, ijoyinti elijikelezayo le-coaxial elilodwa lingamboza ububanzi bemvamisa futhi lifanelekela izimo ezahlukahlukene zokudlulisa isignali; kuyilapho ijoyinti elijikelezayo le-waveguide lilungiselelwe ibhendi ethile yemvamisa ephezulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokudlulisa isignali yemvamisa ephezulu.
b. Ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa: Kubonisa izinga lokulahlekelwa kwamandla kwesiginali uma sidlula ejoyintini elijikelezayo, ngokuvamile ku-dB. Uma ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa kuphansi, kulahlekelwa amandla amancane ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwesiginali futhi kukhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa. Ngokuvamile, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa kwejoyinti elijikelezayo le-coaxial elilodwa kuphansi kakhulu, phakathi kuka-0.3 no-0.5 dB; ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sejoyinti elijikelezayo le-coaxial elinama-channel amaningi, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa kuzoba phezulu kancane, phakathi kuka-0.5 no-0.8 dB.
c. Isilinganiso samagagasi okuma kwe-voltage (VSWR): Le pharamitha isetshenziselwa ukukala ukubonakaliswa kwezibonakaliso ze-RF ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa. Uma inani le-VSWR lisondela ku-1, ukubonakaliswa kwesignali kuncane futhi kuyanda ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa. I-VSWR yejoyinti ejikelezayo ye-RF esezingeni eliphezulu ivame ukulawulwa ku-≤1.2, okunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamandla kanye nokuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukubonakaliswa kwesignali.
d. Umthamo wamandla: ubhekisela enanini lamandla aphezulu kakhulu elingakwazi ukumelana nejoyinti elijikelezayo. Lapho amandla okudlulisa angempela edlula lo mthamo, kungabangela ukuthi imishini ishise ngokweqile, yonakalise noma yehluleke. Amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-Waveguide anamandla aphezulu afinyelela kuma-kilowatts ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo esiyingqayizivele nezinto zokwakha; amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-coaxial anamandla aphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile acishe abe ngama-watts angamakhulu ambalwa.
(II) Amapharamitha emishini: isisekelo esiqinile sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile
a. Isivinini esiphezulu: sibonisa isivinini esiphezulu sokujikeleza lapho ijoyinti elijikelezayo lingasebenza khona ngokuzinzile. Ezimweni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, izidingo zesivinini ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, isivinini sengalo yerobhothi yomugqa wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo wezimboni singaba yi-rpm engamakhulu ambalwa kuphela; kanti kwezinye izinhlelo ze-radar ezijikelezayo ngesivinini esikhulu, isivinini sidinga ukufinyelela ku-3000rpm. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha ijoyinti elijikelezayo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isivinini salo esiphezulu sihlangabezana nezidingo zangempela zokusetshenziswa.
b. Impilo yokujikeleza: uma ilinganiswa ngenani lokujikeleza noma isikhathi sokusetshenziswa, iyinkomba ebalulekile yokuhlola ukuqina kwejoyinti elijikelezayo. Ngokuvamile, impilo yokujikeleza kwejoyinti elijikelezayo le-RF ingaphezu kwezigidi zokujikeleza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini igcina ukusebenza okuzinzile ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside.
c. I-Torque: i-torque edingekayo ukuze ijoyinti elijikelezayo lijikeleze. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sangaphakathi esiyinkimbinkimbi sejoyinti elijikelezayo le-coaxial elinamashaneli amaningi, i-torque edinga ukumelana nayo inkulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-0.5 no-2N・m. Amapharamitha e-torque afanele angaqinisekisa ukuthi ijoyinti elijikelezayo lihamba kahle ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, kugwenywe ukuminyana kokujikeleza ngenxa yokulimala okunganele kwe-torque noma ingxenye ngenxa ye-torque eningi.
d. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo: kuhlanganisa izici eziningi ezifana nokushisa kokusebenza, umswakama, kanye namazinga okumelana nothuli namanzi. Amajoyinti ajikelezayo asetshenziswa ngaphandle kumele abe nezinga lokuvikela elingu-IP65 noma ngaphezulu ukuze amelane nokuhlasela kothuli nemvula; ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza livame ukudingeka libe ngu--40℃ - 85℃ ukuze livumelane nezinguquko zemvelo ezifundeni nasezinkathini ezahlukene.
Ⅳ. Gxila ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo kwamalunga e-RF ajikelezayo embonini
(I) Inkundla yezempi: Ukwakha umugqa wokuzivikela oqinile wezobuchwepheshe wokuphepha kokuvikela kwezwe
Kuhlelo olusha lwe-radar yokuxwayisa kwasekuqaleni kokuzivikela emoyeni, ama-rotary joints e-coaxial RF aneziteshi eziningi adlala indima engenakuphikwa. Uhlelo lwe-radar ludinga ukudlulisa nokwamukela izimpawu ezivela kuma-frequency band amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze kufezwe ukutholwa okugcwele kanye nokulandelela okunembile kwezinhloso zasemoyeni. Ngokusebenzisa i-rotary joint eneziteshi eziningi, i-radar antenna ingenza ukuskena kokujikeleza okungu-360-degree ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, futhi amapharamitha ayo kagesi ahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo eziqinile zebanga lemvamisa i-DC - 12GHz, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa okungaphansi kuka-0.8dB, kanye ne-VSWR≤1.3, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ibanga lokutholwa, ukunemba kanye nokuthembeka kwe-radar, kanye nokunikeza isiqinisekiso esinamandla sokuphepha kokuvikela kwezwe.
(II) Insimu yokuxhumana: Ukwakha ibhuloho lesignali lokuxhumana komhlaba wonke
Kunethiwekhi ethile yokuxhumana ngesathelayithi yamazwe ngamazwe, amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-RF e-waveguide asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ze-antenna zeziteshi zomhlaba. Njengoba isathelayithi iqhubeka nokuhamba esikhaleni, i-antenna yesiteshi somhlaba idinga ukulungisa isiqondiso sayo ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze ilondoloze ukuxhumana nesathelayithi. Ijoyinti elijikelezayo le-waveguide, elinamandla aphezulu kanye nezici zokulahlekelwa okuphansi, lidlulisela ngokuzinzile izimpawu ze-RF ezinamandla aphezulu. Ububanzi bayo bemvamisa obungu-8-18GHz, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa okungu-0.3dB, kanye namandla kagesi angu-1000W kuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokudluliselwa kwedatha phakathi kwesiteshi somhlaba kanye nesathelayithi, kunciphisa kakhulu ukubambezeleka kokuxhumana, futhi kufinyelele ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokuzinzile emhlabeni jikelele.
(III) Ukuzenzekela Kwezimboni: Injini Eyinhloko Eqhuba Ukukhiqizwa Okuhlakaniphile
Emugqeni wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo wenkampani ethile yokukhiqiza izimoto, kufakwa ijoyinti elijikelezayo le-coaxial RF elinesiteshi esisodwa engxenyeni ejikelezayo yengalo yerobhothi. Ingalo yerobhothi idinga ukujikeleza njalo ekushiseni, ekufutheni, ekuhlanganiseni nakwezinye izinqubo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo idlulise amasignali okulawula kanye nedatha yenzwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okunembile. Amapharamitha ejoyinti elijikelezayo elinobubanzi bemvamisa ye-DC-18GHz, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa okungu-0.5dB, i-VSWR≤1.2, kanye nesivinini esiphezulu esingu-3000rpm ahambisana kahle nezidingo zokusebenza zengalo yerobhothi. Ngisho nasemisebenzini yokukhiqiza enamandla aphezulu nesikhathi eside, ingaqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwesignali okuzinzile, ithuthukise ngempumelelo izinga lokuzenzakalela kanye nokusebenza kahle komkhiqizo womugqa wokukhiqiza, futhi inciphise izindleko zabasebenzi kanye namazinga okungasebenzi kahle komkhiqizo.
Ⅴ. Yazi isu elisebenzayo lokukhetha amalunga e-RF ajikelezayo
Ukuze ukhethe i-RF rotary joint efanelekile, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa isimo sangempela sesicelo futhi ucabangele ngokuphelele izici ezilandelayo:
a. Ukuqhathaniswa kwemvamisa yokusebenza: Ngokuya ngemvamisa yesignali edingekayo ukuze idluliselwe uhlelo, khetha ijoyinti elijikelezayo elingamboza ngokugcwele ububanzi bemvamisa ukuze ugweme ukudluliselwa kwesignali okungavamile ngenxa yokungafani kwemvamisa.
b. Umthamo wokuthwala amandla: Ngokusho kosayizi wamandla wangempela wesistimu, khetha ijoyinti elijikelezayo elinamandla anele kanye nomkhawulo othile ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwemishini okubangelwa ukugcwala kwamandla ngokweqile.
c. Ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa isignali: Beka phambili imikhiqizo enokulahlekelwa okuncane kokufakwa kanye ne-VSWR eseduze ne-1 ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuqina kwesignali ngesikhathi sokudlulisa.
d. Ukulungiswa kokusebenza kwemishini: Cabangela ngokuphelele imingcele yemishini efana nesivinini esiphezulu, impilo yokujikeleza, i-torque, njll. ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-rotary joint ingazivumelanisa nezimo zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zempilo yesevisi yemishini.
e. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo: Ngokwezici zendawo yokusetshenziswa, njengezinga lokushisa, umswakama, uthuli, amagesi agqwalisayo, njll., khetha ijoyinti elijikelezayo elinezinga lokuvikela elihambisanayo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ⅵ. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwamalunga e-RF ajikelezayo
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, amajoyinti ajikelezayo e-RF azoqhubeka nokuthuthuka abe yi-miniaturization, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nobuhlakani. Imikhiqizo yochungechunge oluhlangene lwe-Ingiant Technology yenzelwe ukudluliselwa kwesignali ye-RF, ngemvamisa ephezulu engu-40GHz. Umklamo wokuxhumana we-coaxial unikeza isixhumi i-bandwidth ebanzi kakhulu futhi ayikho imvamisa yokusika. Isakhiwo sokuxhumana okuningi sinciphisa ngempumelelo i-jitter ehlobene, usayizi ophelele mncane, futhi isixhumi sixhunyiwe futhi kulula ukusifaka. Amandla kagesi, i-voltage, igobolondo kanye nombala kungenziwa ngezifiso. Ngikholwa ukuthi inkampani ye-ingiant izoqhubeka nokufaka ugqozi oluqinile emisha nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ezahlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-21-2025