ubuchwepheshe obukhulu | Imboni entsha | Ephreli 19, 2025
Esifufuleni sensimbi semboni yanamuhla, ama-crane afana nezingalo zemishini ezingakhathali, athwala umsebenzi onzima wokuphatha izinto. Njenge-"nerve hub" yalo mshini omkhulu, ukusebenza kwezindandatho ze-cable drum slip kuhlobene ngqo nokusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha kwe-crane. Njengoba ubhekene nohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo yendandatho ye-slip emakethe, ungakhetha kanjani "umlingani wegolide" ofanele we-crane? Ngalesi sihloko, sizokusiza ukuphendula imibuzo engqondweni yakho.
Ⅰ. Chaza izici zokusebenza kwama-crane bese unquma indlela yokuzivumelanisa nezimo
Kunamalungu amaningi emndenini we-crane, futhi ama-crane e-gantry, ama-crane ebhuloho, kanye nama-crane e-tower ngalinye "linezinto ezikhethekile". Ama-crane e-gantry afana "nama-giant ensimbi" ezindaweni zokusebenza ze-port terminals kanye nezindawo zokugcina izinto ezinkulu, ahamba phakathi kweziqukathi nemithwalo nsuku zonke. Awagcini nje ngokubhekana nemithwalo esindayo yokusuka nokufika njalo, kodwa futhi kufanele amelane nokuguguleka kosawoti kanye nothuli oluthwalwa umoya wolwandle, kanye "nobhapathizo" lweziphepho zemvula ezingazelelwe; ama-crane e-tower ayi-"Optimus Prime" endaweni yokwakha. Njengoba izitezi ziqhubeka nokuphakama, kudingeka zenze imisebenzi yokuphakamisa, yokujikeleza kanye neyokuthambisa, futhi ukujikeleza ngakunye kuhambisana nokudlidliza okukhulu kanye nomthelela. Lezi zici zokusebenza ezihlukile zinquma ukuthi zinezidingo ezihluke ngokuphelele zezinga lokuvikela, amandla okuthwala umthwalo kanye nokuqina kwendandatho yokuslayida yedrama yekhebula. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokukhetha indandatho yokuslayida, uphenyo oluphelele nolunemininingwane lwendawo yokusebenza ye-crane, imvamisa yokusebenza, kanye nezimo zomthwalo kufana nokudweba "imephu yokuzulazula" enembile yokukhetha okulandelayo.
Ⅱ. Gxila kumapharamitha kagesi futhi ugcine ukuphepha okuhle kwamandla kagesi kanye ne-voltage
(I) Amapharamitha amanje
Umthamo wamanje wokuthwala uyisibonakaliso sikagesi esiyinhloko sendandatho yokushelela. Ngokuvamile, kuma-crane amancane kagesi okuphakamisa, ugesi olinganiselwe ongu-50-100A ungahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza eziyisisekelo; kuyilapho kuma-crane amakhulu e-port gantry, ngenxa yamandla amakhulu enjini yokuphakamisa, injini yokugijima yetrolley, kanye nenjini yokugijima yetrolley, ugesi olinganiselwe wendandatho yokushelela odingekayo uvame ukuba ngu-200-630A. Uma ugesi wangempela wokusebenza wendandatho yokushelela udlula inani elilinganiselwe isikhathi eside, ukushisa kwezingxenye eziqhubayo kuzokwanda. Isibonelo, kumabhulashi ethusi, lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula u-80℃, ugesi oqhubayo uyancipha, ukumelana kokuthintana kuyanda, futhi izinhlansi zikagesi zingabangelwa, kusheshiswe ukuguguleka kwamabhulashi kanye nezindandatho eziqhubayo.
(II) Amapharamitha e-voltage
Ama-voltage avamile okunikezwa kwamandla kuma-crane angama-380V, 400V, 690V, njll. Endaweni yegridi yamandla yezimboni, i-voltage iyashintshashintsha ngaphakathi kwebanga elingu-±10%, ngakho-ke indandatho yokushelela idinga ukuba nokuguquguquka kwe-voltage ebanzi. Isibonelo, ama-crane asetshenziswa embonini yensimbi anokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-harmonic endaweni yokusebenza. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha indandatho yokushelela ene-voltage elinganiselwe engu-690V kanye nomsebenzi wokuvikela ukukhuphuka, ongamelana nokushaqeka kwe-voltage okulinganiselwe okuphindwe ka-1.2 ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwamandla okuzinzile.
(III) Ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana ne-voltage
Ukumelana nokufakwa kokushisa kubonisa ukusebenza kokufakwa kokushisa kagesi kwendandatho yokushelela, okuvame ukuba ngaphezu kuka-500MΩ; ukuhlolwa kwe-standing voltage kumele kuhlangabezane ne-voltage yamandla emvamisa engu-1500V, futhi akumele kube nokuqhekeka noma i-flashover umzuzu owodwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwendandatho yokushelela endaweni kagesi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ⅲ. Inhlanganisela yendandatho yokushelela kanye nemininingwane yekhebula
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwendandatho yokushelela yereyili yekhebula kanye nekhebula bufana "negiya neketanga". Kuphela ngokubambisana okuseduze lapho ukusebenza okuphumelelayo kungafinyelelwa khona. Lapho ukhetha indandatho yokushelela, ububanzi bangaphandle bekhebula, inani lama-cores kanye nezinto zokwakha yizona zinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvulwa kwendandatho yokushelela kudingeka kube mkhulu ngo-1-2mm kunobubanzi bangaphandle bekhebula ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwekhebula okubushelelezi; inani leziteshi linqunywa ngokwenani lama-cores ekhebula, futhi ngokuvamile iziteshi ezisele ezingu-1-2 zigciniwe.
Kumakhebula okulawula anezinsika eziningi, uma indawo ye-cross-section eyinhloko ingu-0.75-2.5mm², ukumelana kokuthintana kwendandatho yokushelela kufanele kulawulwe ngaphakathi kwama-50mΩ ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudluliswa kwesignali akuphazamiseki. Uma sibheka ikhebula le-YC elinoshelufu werabha osindayo njengesibonelo, livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwe-crane motor. Irediyasi yalo yokugoba ngokuvamile iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-6-8 kunobubanzi bangaphandle bekhebula. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ifaniswe nendandatho yokushelela enebhulashi eliguquguqukayo kakhulu. Ingcindezi yokuthintana kwebhulashi igcinwa ku-0.15-0.25N/cm² ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguguleka phakathi kwekhebula nendandatho yokushelela.
Ⅳ. Qinisa izinga lokuvikela futhi uthuthukise ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwemvelo
Indawo yokusebenza yama-crane ivame ukugcwala izinselele, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, umswakama, uthuli, ukuhlasela kwegesi egqwalisayo nezinye izimo zivame kakhulu. Lezi zici ezinzima zemvelo, njenge "zitha ezingabonakali", zihlala zisongela ukusebenza nokuphila kwezindandatho zokushelela zekhebula. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha indandatho yokushelela enezinga lokuvikela elifanele ngokwendawo yokusebenza yangempela kufana nokugqoka "isivikelo sokuzivikela" esiqinile sendandatho yokushelela.
Ezindaweni zangaphandle ezinemimoya yolwandle namagagasi avunguzayo, kubalulekile ukukhetha indandatho yokushelela enezinga lokuvikela elingu-IP67, engavimbela ngokuphelele uthuli ukuthi lungene futhi ingacwiliswa emanzini ajule ngemitha eli-1 imizuzu engama-30 ngaphandle kokungena kwamanzi; ezigayweni zensimbi ezishisayo nasezindaweni zokwenziwa, izinga lokushisa eshabhu lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-60℃, futhi kufanele kukhethwe amandandatho okushelela amelana nokushisa okuphezulu, anezinga lokushisa lokusebenza elingu--40℃-120℃, futhi kusetshenziswa izinto zokuvala irabha ye-silicone, ezinokumelana okuhle kokuguga.
V. Ukuhlolwa okujulile kwezakhiwo zemishini ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile
(I) Isivinini kanye ne-torque
Uma i-crane isebenza, ibanga lesivinini sendandatho yokushelela liyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ijubane lendandatho yokushelela ye-crane yebhuloho ngokuvamile liyi-10-30r/min; ijubane lendandatho yokushelela eliqhutshwa yindlela yokushelela ye-crane yombhoshongo lingafinyelela ku-50-80r/min. Uma ukhetha indandatho yokushelela, ijubane layo elilinganiselwe kumele libe ngaphezulu ngo-20% kunejubane lokusebenza langempela ukuqinisekisa umkhawulo wokuphepha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-torque yokuqala kumele icatshangelwe. Ngokuvamile, i-torque yokuqala yendandatho yokushelela kudingeka ukuthi ingabi ngaphezu kwe-torque elinganiselwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5 ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo esakhiweni sangaphakathi ngenxa ye-torque eyeqile ngesikhathi sokuqala.
(II) Impilo yemishini kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka
Ukuphila komshini wendandatho yokushelela kulinganiswa ngenani lokujikeleza, futhi imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ingafinyelela izikhathi eziyizigidi ezingu-50 kuya kweziyizigidi ezingu-100. Amabhereyi ayo angaphakathi asebenzisa amabhereyi ebhola ajulile anokunemba okuphezulu anomthwalo oguquguqukayo olinganiselwe ongu-10-50kN; izinto zebhulashi zenziwe kakhulu nge-carbon-graphite alloy, futhi ubunzima bayo bulawulwa ku-40-60HA Shore hardness ukuqinisekisa ukumelana okuhle kokuguguleka nokunciphisa imijikelezo yokulungisa.
(III) Amapharamitha okudlidliza kanye nokushaqeka
Ezindaweni zokwakha, ukusheshisa kokudlidliza okukhiqizwa ama-tower cranes ngesikhathi sokusebenza kungafinyelela ku-5 - 10m/s², kanti ukusheshisa kokushaqeka kungafinyelela ku-50 - 100m/s². Ama-slip rings kumele aphumelele ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza (imvamisa engu-10 - 500Hz, i-amplitude engu-0.75mm) kanye nokuhlolwa kokushaqeka (igagasi le-half-sine, ukusheshisa okuphezulu okungu-50g, ubude obungu-11ms) ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima.
Ⅵ. Khetha umenzi wendandatho yokushelela onemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu kanye namakhono esevisi yangemva kokuthengisa
Emakethe yezindandatho zokushelela zekhebula, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyahlukahluka. Ukukhetha uhlobo oluthembekile kufana nokuthola isibani esikhanyayo olwandle olukhulu. I-Ingiant Technology inedumela elihle, ulwazi olucebile kanye namandla obuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe embonini yezindandatho zokushelela zekhebula ze-DHK038, futhi ivame ukuba nezindinganiso zokukhiqiza eziqinile kanye nohlelo oluphelele lokulawula ikhwalithi. Kusukela ekuthengweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekulawulweni kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza, kuya ekuhlolweni kwemikhiqizo efektri, yonke isixhumanisi iyalungiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke indandatho yokushelela ingahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu. Insizakalo ephelele yesiqinisekiso sangemva kokuthengisa "isiqinisekiso" esinikezwa yi-ingiant kubasebenzisi. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwendandatho yokushelela, uma kwenzeka iphutha, ithimba lochwepheshe ngemuva kokuthengisa lingaphendula ngokushesha futhi linikeze ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo ngesikhathi esifanele, njengemvula efika ngesikhathi, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okubangelwa ibhizinisi ngokwehluleka kwemishini.
VII. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1. Yini ebangela izinhlansi ezindongeni zokushelela?
A1. Ukuxhumana okubi: Ibhulashi ligugile kakhulu, futhi indawo yokuxhumana enendandatho yokuhambisa umoya iyancipha, okuholela ekuqineni kokumelana kokuthinta kanye nezinhlansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhulashi amasha adinga ukushintshwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulingana phakathi kwebhulashi nendandatho yokuhambisa umoya kungaphezu kuka-80%.
Ukulayisha ngokweqile kwamanje: Ugesi wangempela osebenzayo udlula ugesi olinganiselwe wendandatho yokushelela, okwenza izingxenye eziqhubayo zishise futhi kuvele izinhlansi. Ugesi udinga ukubalwa kabusha futhi ugesi wokushelela onezincazelo ezifanele udinga ukukhethwa.
Izici Zemvelo: Ezindaweni ezinothuli nomswakama, ubuso bendandatho yokudonsa bungcolile, okuthinta ukuthintana kukagesi. Indandatho yokushelela kufanele ihlanzwe njalo ukuze ihlale ihlanzekile futhi yomile.
UMBUZO 2: Unganquma kanjani ukuthi indandatho yokushelela idinga ukulungiswa?
A2: Umsindo wokusebenza: Uma indandatho yokushelela yenza umsindo ongajwayelekile nonzima ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuguga kwamabhere noma izingxenye zangaphakathi ezikhululekile, futhi umshini udinga ukumiswa ukuze uhlolwe.
Izinga lokushisa elingajwayelekile: Uma izinga lokushisa lobuso bendandatho yokushelela lidlula u-70℃, kubonisa ukuthi kungase kube nokushaqeka kokushisa okubi noma ukumelana okukhulu kokuthintana, okudingeka kuhlolwe ngesikhathi.
Ukudluliswa kwesignali okungavamile: Uma isignali yokulawula ibambezelekile noma ilahlekile, noma ukudluliswa kwamandla kungazinzile, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi uxhumano lukagesi lwendandatho yokushelela lujwayelekile yini.
Q3: Ungazikhetha kanjani izindandatho zokushelela ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene?
A3: Indandatho yokushelela ye-aluminium alloy: isisindo esincane, ukushabalalisa ukushisa okuhle, kufanelekile kuma-crane amancane anezidingo zesisindo, kodwa ukumelana nokugqwala okubuthakathaka.
Indandatho yokushelela yensimbi engagqwali: inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye namandla, ifanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinomswakama nezigqwala, njengezikreyini emachwebeni nasezimbonini zamakhemikhali.
Indandatho yokushelela yepulasitiki yobunjiniyela: ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela kanye nezindleko eziphansi, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa isignali yokulawula ama-crane anezidingo eziphezulu zokuvikela ugesi kanye nemithwalo emincane.
Ngamafuphi, ukukhethwa kwezindandatho zokushelela zekhebula zama-crane kudinga "ubunjiniyela obunembile" obucabangela ngokuphelele izici zokusebenza, imingcele kagesi, ukuzivumelanisa nekhebula, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, izakhiwo zemishini, umkhiqizo ngemuva kokuthengisa nezinye izici. Kuphela ngemva kokuhlaziywa okuphelele nokuningiliziwe kanye nokuhlolwa lapho izindandatho zokushelela ezifanele kakhulu zingakhethwa khona ze-crane, ukuze le "giant" yezimboni ibe namandla kakhulu ekusebenzeni, isebenze kahle, izinzile futhi iphephile, futhi ifake amandla aqhubekayo ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-19-2025